Ʒíibit

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• … phology (17) Songhay roots with causative prefix root yéd gloss to return caus. gloss KCH to make return yee yéeri to vomit s-éeri to cause to vomit yeeri (KS) ʒíibit to be dirty ʒí-ʒibit to make dirty jiibi s-eedí The case of s-eedí is remarkable, as there appears an additional /i/ at the end of the stem. Possibly, /yeeri/ ‘to restitute’ is related to /yed/ ‘return’. The causative may have been taken from an older disyllabic form. 3.1.3.2.3 Double causative A small number of …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 77

• … ffix. (155) Disyllabic Songhay cognates with -an 3.2.8.3 verb kukú gloss to be long adjective ceená to be small/young/few ceen-án babó to be numerous babó-(a)n ʒíibit to be dirty ʒíibit-an kuk-án Reduplication + -an The great majority of monosyllabic verb roots of Songhay origin use a reduplication strategy. The verb root is duplicated and the morpheme -an is suffixed. The reduplication sometimes entails phonological changes, such as /n/-assimilation. A special instance is /r …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 154