الفصل 3: اشتقاق الفعل – التبادلي، المطاوعة، المبني للمجهول، التضعيف، والاتجاهيات

هذه المسألة النحوية في المؤلفات

مقاطع من مؤلفات الموقع تتناول هذا الموضوع، مع ذكر الصفحة: المرجع هو النص الأصلي.

• … 3.1.3.1 Labile verbs (verb roots with variable valency) .54 3.1.3.2 Causative S(ə)- ................................................55 3.1.3.2.1 Causative with suppletion ............................56 3.1.3.2.2 Exceptions for sibilant choice.......................57 3.1.3.2.3 Double causative .........................................59 3.1.3.3 Reciprocal and Middle ......................................60 3.1.3.3.1 Lexical reciprocals .......................................6 …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 6

• 50 borey ga cere kar. person.PLDEF MAN friend hit the people hit each other. In Tadaksahak, however, the reciprocal is expressed with a nasal prefix as in Tamasheq. (2) yídɣǝr to be glued m-ǝdɣǝr to adhere to As with causatives, Songhay underived verbs may be paralleled by Tamasheq-based derived forms (sometimes a double middle prefix), e.g. (3) kár to hit nǝ-mm-aŋɣa to hit/kill each other For passive forms, Mainstream Songhay verbs take the same morpheme as for causative for …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 68

• … take the morpheme in Tadaksahak. All roots that are cognates with Songhay are replaced with a Berber root with the same meaning, when causativized, changed to passive voice, or made reflexive or reciprocal. An appendix to the paper lists examples of both intransitive and transitive verbs using suppletion of the root when changed to causative and passive voice. 1. Introduction 1.1. Classification Pierre-Francis Lacroix was the first to mention Tadaksahak in literature, togeth …

  Christiansen & Christiansen (2002), Some verb morphology features of Tadaksahak, or: Berber or Songhay, this is the question, p. 3

• … behaviour follows the pattern of Berber languages. Note also the similarity in shape of the different morphemes. Table 1. Tadaksahak: Voice changing morphemes Reciprocal/ Passive Causative Reflexive + verb root t(e)- S(V)- ne- tuw(a)- me- nem- Remarks: Passive: The use of the allomorphs is not predictable. However, all causative forms take tuw(a)-, and the “y-verbs” tend to take t(e)-. Causative: The morpheme S(V)- copies any sibilant present in the verb root. If there is no …

  Christiansen & Christiansen (2002), Some verb morphology features of Tadaksahak, or: Berber or Songhay, this is the question, p. 6