الفصل 3: تصريف الفعل – ضمائر الفاعل المتصلة، علامات MAN، وضمائر المفعول به المتصلة

هذه المسألة النحوية في المؤلفات

مقاطع من مؤلفات الموقع تتناول هذا الموضوع، مع ذكر الصفحة: المرجع هو النص الأصلي.

• … RF-study 2s₌SUBJ-study 2s₌IMPERF-study 2s₌study The other clitics do not change their shape whatever the shape of the following MAN marker. 3.1.4.2 Mood-Aspect-Negation (MAN) morphemes The paradigm of MAN markers shows five morphemes, labeled as follows: imperfective (IMPERF) subjunctive (SUBJ) future (FUT) negative imperfective (NEG.IMPERF) negative perfective (NEG.PERF) These morphemes are mutually exclusive, and can never be combined. The perfective is unmarked; however, d …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 94

• … y cannot be combined. They are prefixed to the verb stem and are themselves preceded by a subject clitic. Different from Mainstream Songhay languages where the subjunctive has a unique form for negation, Tadaksahak has only two forms in the negative. The negative perfective is opposed to the negative imperfective, that is also used in the negation of subjunctive and future clauses. An opposition of ‘terminated’ and ‘not (yet) terminated’ seems to be the distinction. Only from …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 189

• … sa-strategy; COM comitative (‘with, and, toward’); DET determiner; DISC discourse marker ‘current centre of attention’; EXCL exclamation; FOC focus marker; FUT future tense; GEN genitive; IMP imperative; IMPF imperfective aspect; INDEF indefinite; LOC spatiotemporal locative; N noun; NEG negative; PASS passive; PERF perfective aspect; PL plural; QST polar question marker; REL relative pronoun; SUBJ subjunctive mood; T thematic pronoun; VEN venitive; 1P, 2P, 3P person plural; …

  Christiansen & Levinsohn (2003), Relative Clauses in Tadaksahak, p. 3

• … al être verrouillé / verrouiller De même, l'élément aɣ- (sujet clitique à la première personne du singulier) est prononcé [ax] lorsqu'il précède un morphème de négation de l'aspect de l'humeur commençant par une consonne sans voix. Dévoisement de /ɣ/ à la rupture du morphème Morphèmes Sens en Fr Aɣ₌sǝ-wí Je ne tuerai pas 1Ps₌NEG.IMPERF-tuer Aɣ₌tǝ-wí Je vais tuer 1Ps₌FUT-tuer La négation perfective nǝ-, devant laquelle ɣ est retenu. Aɣ₌nǝ-wí Je n'ai pas tué 1s₌NEG.PERF-tuer Un …

  Ag Abdoussalam (s. d.), Structure grammaticale d’un parler berbéro-songhay du nord-est malien (tadaksahak) : éléments de linguistique, p. 21