الفصل 4: بنية المرافعات – الأداة-الرفاقة، أفعال ذات متتمين، وتراكيب الانعكاس

هذه المسألة النحوية في المؤلفات

مقاطع من مؤلفات الموقع تتناول هذا الموضوع، مع ذكر الصفحة: المرجع هو النص الأصلي.

• … .....................185 4.3.3.1 Verbs taking a verbal noun complement.........187 4.3.4 Verbs with obligatory adpositional complement.....193 4.3.5 Verbs with dative complement ..............................193 4.3.6 Verbs with instrumental-comitative complement....194 4.3.7 Verbs with two complements.................................195 4.3.8 Verbs taking two unmarked complements.............197 4.3.9 Reflexive constructions .........................................199 4.3.9 …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 9

• 194 mo X se hear sth. ʃ-íʃʃim X se listen to sth. ʃ-íggid X se wait for sb./sth. Some verbs can be used with and without a dative complement. This may considerably change their interpretation. (125) Verb with different interpretation verb gloss syntax gloss yírǝz be let down yírǝz X se (God) bless X Verb stems that contain a causative mark pronominalized human causees as a dative complement. (126) a) a₌ʃʃí-hiʃʃil 3s₌CAUS-oblige áa₌se hawru 3s₌DAT meal she made him finish the …

  Christiansen-Bolli (2010), A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali, p. 212

• … features of Songhay and Berber languages. The observations discussed in this paper deal with the way voice changes are handled. In particular, it shows how the causative is formed. The causative morpheme S(V)- is of Berber origin and prefixed to the verb root as in Berber languages, whereas Songhay suffixes the causative morpheme that is of a very different form (-andi). But only verb roots that are also etymologically from Berber can take the morpheme in Tadaksahak. All root …

  Christiansen & Christiansen (2002), Some verb morphology features of Tadaksahak, or: Berber or Songhay, this is the question, p. 3

• … er is the pronoun or nominal holding the function of subject. All derivations are suffixed as the following formula shows. NP/pron TAM verb(-derivator)1 2.1.2. Causative and other voice changing devices Many Songhay verbs accept the suffix -andi which makes the causative of intransitive verbs (and a few transitives), and the factive of verbs of adjectival quality.2 (1) ben ‘finish’ ben-andi ‘cause to end’ (2) too ‘arrive’ too-ndi ‘deliver’ Example pairs (3./4.) and (5./6.) de …

  Christiansen & Christiansen (2002), Some verb morphology features of Tadaksahak, or: Berber or Songhay, this is the question, p. 4